Phalloides

Cyclopeptides - Amatoxins (also Phallotoxins, Virotoxins)

Latent period usually 8-12 hrs, then severe vomiting and diarrhea, later liver damage.

Orellanus

Orellanine (bipyridlyl, similar to Diquat, Paraquat)

Latent period very long, up to several days, then kidney damage, sometimes GI disturbances.

Smithiana

2-amino-4, 5-hexadienoic acid ñ as an amino sugar

Latent period 4-11 hrs, GI disturbances, renal damage, sometimes liver damage.

Gyromitra

Gyromitrin (high instability) (Monomethylhydrazine) [carcinogenic, mutagenic]

Difficult to distinguish from Phalloides poisoning, often additional central nervous and haemolytic symptoms.

Muscarine

Muscarine (alkaloid) [similar to acetylcholine - transmits impulses from synapses of nerve cells to the receptors of muscle, nerve and gland cells]

Short latent period, GI disturbances, sweating, salvation, lachrymation.

Pantherina

Ibotenic Acid, Muscomol (isoxazoles) [stimulates GABA receptors in CN system]

Short latent period, similar To alcohol intoxication, then deep sleep.

Psilocybin

Psilocybin, Psilocin, Baeocystin (indoles) [similar to LSD, structural analogs of serotonin]

Short latent period, psychotomimetic symptoms predominate, similar to those of LSD intoxication

Coprinus

Coprine (prevents further oxidation of acetaldehyde during the metabolism of alcohol - to acetate)

Requires consumption of alcohol, flushing, reddening of the face, headache, metallic taste in mouth. (Antabuse-like)

Paxillus

Immuno-haemolytic anaemia, toxins??

Short latent period, GI and >haemolytic symptoms, previous history of eating with milder symptoms

Gastrointentinal

Various, often unknown

Short latent period, primarily GI symptoms